The effects of wall proximity on vortex shedding from a square cylinder: Three-dimensional effects
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The three-dimensional nature of turbulent vortex shedding from a square cylinder in the vicinity of a solid wall is investigated for a Reynolds number of 18 900 as a function of the gap height, S/D. Spanwise surface pressure measurements on the cylinder faces and on the solid wall are complemented by velocimetry data. It is observed that parallel and oblique shedding modes arise naturally. The number of vortex dislocations is clearly related to the variations in the oblique shedding angle. Dislocations occur with increasing probability as the gap height is decreased to S/D≈0.7. The dislocations are strongly associated with Type A instabilities and vortex splitting, which contribute significantly to phase-jitter. For gap heights close to that for vortex shedding suppression (0.5<S/D<0.7), dislocations occur less frequently. The vortex formation process is increasingly two-dimensional in this range, resulting in strong spanwise correlations and lower phase-jitter. These changes are observed as more sharply peaked frequency spectra, which have been interpreted as shedding frequency “tuning” in earlier studies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it