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Record W2076803958 · doi:10.1680/grim.2004.8.1.17

Effect of electro-osmotic treatment on piles

2004· article· en· W2076803958 on OpenAlexaff
M. Hesham El Naggar, S. A. Routledge

Bibliographic record

VenueProceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement · 2004
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicElectrokinetic Soil Remediation Techniques
Canadian institutionsWestern University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPileGeotechnical engineeringShrinkageSettlement (finance)Foundation (evidence)Soil waterMaterials scienceEnvironmental scienceSoil scienceGeologyComposite materialComputer science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The electro-osmotic treatment technique may be used to increase the strength of the soil and load-carrying capacity of a foundation and reduce the potential for foundation settlement. In this study, electro-osmotic treatment was employed to increase the axial and lateral capacity of piles installed in a soft sensitive clay in a laboratory experimental programme. The experimental work involved two phases. First, a small-scale (bench size) set-up was constructed and used to investigate the effects of electrical treatment on the capacity of model piles. The results obtained from the small-scale investigation were then used in the planning and execution of the second phase of the study, which involved a large-scale testing programme. Three cells filled with soft sensitive clay were used in the small-scale testing programme. The soil in two cells was treated, one with constant direct current and the second with intermittent current, and the third was not treated and was used as the control. The results obtained from the small-scale tests showed that the pullout capacity of the piles in the treatment cells decreased but their lateral capacity increased, compared with the control pile. The reduction in pullout capacity was attributed to overtreatment of the soil in the vicinity of the pile, causing soil shrinkage and separation at the pile-soil interface. The overtreatment was probably due to excessive treatment effort manifested in a high voltage gradient and a long treatment time. The soil shrinkage did not affect the lateral capacity, which had actually increased by 36% over that of the control. The applied electric potential and the treatment duration were reduced in the large-scale testing programme. The results obtained from the axial load tests showed that the treatment had increased the capacity of the piles above that of the control piles by up to 45%. La technique de traitement électro-osmotique peut être utilisée pour augmenter la résistance du sol et la capacité porteuse de fondations ainsi que pour réduire le potentiel d 'affaissement de celles-ci. Dans cette étude, le traitement électro-osmotique a été utilisé pour augmenter la capacité axiale et latérale de piles installées dans une argile tendre et sensitive dans un programme d 'essais en laboratoires. Tout d 'abord, une petite installation (sur établi) aété construite et utiliseé pour rechercher les effets du traitement électrique sur la capacité des piles modéles. Les résultats de cette étude à petite échelle ont ensuiteé téutilisés pour le planning et l 'exécution de la seconde phase de l 'étude, qui mettait en uvre un programme d'essai grandeur nature. Trois cellules remplies d'argile tendre et sensitives ont été utilisées dans le programme d'essais à petite échelle. Le sol dans deux cellules a été traité, l'un avec un courant direct constant, l'autre avec un courant intermittent, le troisiéme n'ayant pas été traité afin de servir de référence. Les résultats obtenus avec les essais à petite échelle ont montré que la capacité de décrochage des piles dans les cellules traitées diminuait mais que leur capacité latérale augmentait par rapport à la pile de référence. La réduction de la capacité de décrochage a été attribuée à un traitement excessif du sol dans le voisinage de la pile, causant un retrait et une séparation du sol à l'interface pile-sol. Le sur-traitement était probablement duâ un effort excessif se manifestant dans une montée trop rapide de courant et un long temps de traitement. Le rétré cissement du sol n'affectait pas la capacité latérale, qui avait en fait augmenté de 36% par rapport à celle du modéle de référence. La force électrique appliqueé et la dureé du traitement onté téréduits dans le programme d'essais grandeur nature. Les résultats obtenus par ces essais de charge axiale ont montré que le traitement avait augmenté la capacité de piles, de jusqu'á 45% au-dessus de celle de piles de référence.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.041
Threshold uncertainty score0.737

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.004
GPT teacher head0.199
Teacher spread0.195 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations17
Published2004
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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