Oscillating Streaming Potential and Electro-osmosis of Multilayer Membranes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Artificial membranes consist of multilayers that have different physical or chemical properties. They are often considered as an equivalent single-layer membrane without taking into account the detail inside. Based on the Debye−Hückel approximation, we have provided analytical solutions of oscillating electrokinetic flow in multilayer membranes. Both pressure-driven flow (streaming potential) and electric-field-driven flow (electro-osmosis) were studied. The pressure and electric-field distributions in each layer can be obtained from our analytical solutions. This allows a better understanding of electrokinetic flow in multilayer membranes and benefits the design and selection of artificial membranes. The derived analytical solutions are useful for more-general time-dependent problems through a superposition of time-harmonic solutions weighted by appropriate Fourier coefficients. The properties of each membrane layer are reflected as complex quantities; therefore, a method is proposed to determine the electrokinetic properties (such as the zeta potential) of each layer by applying a high-frequency alternating electric field or pressure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".