Oscillating Streaming Potential and Electro-osmosis of Multilayer Membranes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Artificial membranes consist of multilayers that have different physical or chemical properties. They are often considered as an equivalent single-layer membrane without taking into account the detail inside. Based on the Debye−Hückel approximation, we have provided analytical solutions of oscillating electrokinetic flow in multilayer membranes. Both pressure-driven flow (streaming potential) and electric-field-driven flow (electro-osmosis) were studied. The pressure and electric-field distributions in each layer can be obtained from our analytical solutions. This allows a better understanding of electrokinetic flow in multilayer membranes and benefits the design and selection of artificial membranes. The derived analytical solutions are useful for more-general time-dependent problems through a superposition of time-harmonic solutions weighted by appropriate Fourier coefficients. The properties of each membrane layer are reflected as complex quantities; therefore, a method is proposed to determine the electrokinetic properties (such as the zeta potential) of each layer by applying a high-frequency alternating electric field or pressure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".