The Ferrite Transformation in Hot Deformed 0.036% Nb Austenite at Temperatures Above the Ae3
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 0.036% Nb microalloyed steel was deformed in torsion over the temperature range 816–896°C in a 2%H2–Ar gas atmosphere. Strains of 0.5–5.0 were applied at strain rates of 0.04 and 0.4 s−1. The experimental parameters were varied in order to study the effects of strain, strain rate and temperature on the formation of ferrite by dynamic transformation (DT) at temperatures above the Ae3. The critical strain for ferrite formation by DT was 0.5 and the volume fraction formed increased with strain and slightly with strain rate. It was also observed that the applied strain has a far greater influence on the transformation than the time. Average ferrite grain sizes of 2 to 3.5 μm were produced, the size increasing with the transformation temperature and decreasing strain rate. By comparison with the behavior of plain C steels, it is evident that the addition of niobium slows the reverse transformation to a considerable degree. Two stages were detected in the reverse transformation: i) in stage I, observed during the initial 200 s of isothermal holding, the deformation-induced ferrite was fairly stable; ii) in stage II, observed after 200 s of holding, the reverse transformation began to take place, going to completion in about 400 s. The results of these experiments support the view that it is the stored energy of the ‘inhomogeneously’ distributed dislocation (i.e. those in shear bands and sub-boundaries) that provides the driving force for such “non-equilibrium” transformation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".