Development of an Improved Electrical Resistance Method for Determining Emulsifying Capacity of Pulse and Soy Materials<sup>1</sup>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An electrical resistance method for objectively measuring oil emulsifying capacity (EC) of pulse and soy flours or their protein concentrates and isolates was modified to provide great improvement in precision. The electrical resistance method is based on the fact that oil is a nonconductor, whereas combinations of pulse or soy protein and water are good conductors. EC was determined at the inversion point at which an oil‐in‐water emulsion turns into a water‐in‐oil emulsion, as indicated by a sudden drop in conductivity. Measurement conditions (material concentration, blending speed, and oil addition rate) for the modified method were standardized. The modified method was found to be precise with an average coefficient of variation of 3.1%. The application of the modified method to various pulse and soy materials revealed differences in EC values among the samples evaluated. The modified method for measuring EC was simple, objective, precise, and reliable, and it can be applied to a variety of pulse and soy materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".