Optimal Design of PID Controller for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator-Based Wave Energy Conversion System Using Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the complete modeling and simulation of Wave Energy Conversion System (WECS) driven doubly-fed induction generator with a closed-loop vector control system. Two Pulse Width Modulated voltage source (PWM) converters for both rotor- and stator-side converters have been connected back to back between the rotor terminals and utility grid via common dc link. The closed-loop vector control system is normally controlled by a set of PID controllers which have an important influence on the system dynamic performance. This paper presents a Multi-objective optimal PID controller design of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wave energy system connected to the electrical grid using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). PSO and GA are used to optimize the controller parameters of both the rotor and grid-side converters to improve the transient operation of the DFIG wave energy system under a fault condition as compared with the conventional methods to design PID controllers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".