A diffractive multispectral image sensor with on- and off-die signal processing and on-die optics in 0.18-micron CMOS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On-die optics have been proposed for imaging, spectral analysis, and communications applications. These systems typically require extra process steps to fabricate on-die optics. Fabrication of diffractive optics using the metal layers in commercial CMOS processes circumvents this requirement, but produces optical elements with poor imaging behavior. This paper discusses the application of Wiener filtering to reconstruction of images suffering from blurring and chromatic aberration, and to identification of the position and wavelength of point sources. Adaptation of this approach to analog and digital FIR implementations are discussed, and the design of a multispectral imaging sensor using analog FIR filtering is presented. Simulations indicate that off-die post-processing can determine point source wavelength to within 5% and position to within ±0.05 radian, and resolve features 0.4 radian in size in images illuminated by white light. The analog hardware implementation is simulated to resolve features 0.4 radian in size illuminated by monochromatic light, and 0.7 radian with white light.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".