Otoplasty: Anterior Scoring Technique and Results in 500 Cases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Corrective otoplasty is a commonly performed procedure to change the shape of the auricular cartilage. Many techniques use permanent sutures to maintain the cartilage folding, whereas other techniques rely on cartilage incisions (partial thickness or full thickness). At this institution, a cartilage cutting and anterior scoring technique has been used for more than 30 years with pleasing results. The surgical techniques published in the past have been reviewed and compared with the procedure used at this institution to point out the advantages, disadvantages, and differences of these various techniques. Also reviewed were 500 consecutive cases operated on under local or general anesthesia between January of 1993 and December of 1995 to determine the incidence of early and late complications. The patients were contacted by mail to return for a follow-up examination or answer a questionnaire, at least 2 years after the procedure. Early complications were bleeding in 13 cases (2.6 percent) and hematoma in 2 cases (0.4 percent). There were no infections or ear necrosis. A small cutaneous wound was present on the anterior skin in three patients (0.6 percent), and there was one wound dehiscence (0.2 percent). Late complications were keloids in two cases and inclusion cysts in three cases. Residual deformity was noted in 22 cases and asymmetry in 28 cases. Secondary surgery was performed in six cases. The questionnaire was answered by 387 patients (77.4 percent response rate): pain when the ear is touched was present in 22 cases (5.7 percent), hypesthesia in 15 cases (3.9 percent), occasional cutaneous irritation in 38 cases (9.8 percent), asymmetry in 71 cases (18.4 percent), and abnormal ear shape in 17 cases (4.4 percent). Twenty-nine patients (7.5 percent) also noted that the ear was more sensitive to cold or touch. The satisfaction rate was 94.8 percent: very satisfied, 74 percent; satisfied, 20.8 percent; dissatisfied, 4.2 percent; and very dissatisfied, 1 percent. These results were compared with other published series of complications and late results after otoplasty; the complication rates are similar or lower in this study. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cartilage cutting and anterior scoring technique otoplasty is a safe procedure with a high patient-parent-surgeon satisfaction rate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".