The Beam Position System of the CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso Proton Beam Line
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso (CNGS) experiment uses 400GeV protons extracted from the SPS, which travel along 825 meters of beam line before reaching the CNGS target. This beam line is equipped with 23 BPMs capable of measuring both the horizontal and vertical position of the beam. The final BPM is linked to the target station and due to radiation constraints has been designed to work in air. This contribution will give an overview of the BPMs used in the transfer line. It will also provide a detailed explanation of their logarithmic amplifier based acquisition electronics, which consists of an autotriggered sequencer controlling an integrator, the A/D conversion and the Manchester encoded transmission of the digital data to the surface. At the surface the digital data is acquired using the Digital Acquisition Board (DAB) developed by TRIUMF (Canada) for the LHC BPM system. Results from both laboratory measurements and beam measurements during the 2006 CNGS run will also be presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.028 | 0.015 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".