On the modification of tides in a seasonally ice‐covered sea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
New observations from eight moorings located in Foxe Basin, Hudson Strait, and Hudson Bay are used to study the seasonal variability of the M2 tide. Significant seasonal variations of the M2 surface elevation are found in all these regions and at all seasons. The largest variations occur during winter while both elevation increase (Hudson Strait) and decrease (Hudson Bay, Foxe Basin) are observed. These variations are found recurrent at the stations where multiyear observations are available. Observations from a velocity profiler are consistent with a seasonal damping of the tides because of friction under ice. Numerical simulations with a sea ice‐ocean coupled model and realistic forcing qualitatively reproduce most of the features of the observed variability. The simulations show that the winter M2 variations are essentially caused by the under‐ice friction, albeit with strong regional differences. Under‐ice friction mostly occurs in a limited region (Foxe Basin) and can account for both increased and decreased M2 elevations during winter.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".