Dynamics of Piscivory by Lake Trout following a Smallmouth Bass Invasion: A Historical Reconstruction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Our objective was to assess the dynamics of piscivory by lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Opeongo, Ontario, following the introduction of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu early in the 1900s. The effects of this introduction on lake trout were thought to be of slight significance at the time, but they may have been obscured by the introduction of cisco Coregonus artedi in 1948. Our analyses of lake trout stomach contents and stable isotopes of archived scales indicated that several dietary changes occurred in advance of the cisco introduction. These changes included the consumption of fewer yellow perch Perca flavescens, fewer but larger lake whitefish C. clupeaformis, and larger lake whitefish for a given lake trout size. Stable isotope analyses were consistent with a decline in the importance of littoral prey for young lake trout before the introduction of cisco. We hypothesize that the indirect effects of smallmouth bass on the pelagic fish community explain these patterns.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".