Nicholas Crisp's ?Porcellien?: A petrological comparison of sherds from the Vauxhall (London; ca. 1751-1764) and Indeo Pottery (Bovey Tracey, Devonshire; ca. 1767-1774) factory sites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The character of porcelain wares made by Nicholas Crisp early and late in his career was assessed using microchemical and petrographic data for sherds excavated from the sites of the factories he operated at Vauxhall and Bovey Tracey. The results indicate that, over time, Crisp increasingly made use of diverse types of pastes as he struggled to produce a commercially viable line of porcelain. Based on the analysis of a limited number of samples, he appears to have largely restricted himself at Vauxhall to using soapstone (Mg-rich)- and flint-glass (Pb-rich) frit-bearing pastes that varied in the amount of calcite they contained. He also experimented with Mg+Pb-rich pastes at Bovey Tracey, but included a novel ingredient (barite) and varied the proportion of other minor constituents (e.g., bone ash), apparently in an effort to resolve some of the firing problems that plagued him at Vauxhall. In addition, Crisp appears to have produced bone ash (phosphatic) porcelain at Bovey Tracey, and, in collaboration with William Cookworthy, the proprietor of the Plymouth factory, fired a range of true porcelain (Si+Al-rich) pastes. Bulk compositional data indicate that Crisp's diopside-bearing Mg+Pb-rich wares were derived from pastes containing talc and calcite rather than dolomite. The mineralogy of these and some contemporary magnesian/plombian porcelains are interpreted using the SiO2-CaO-MgO phase diagram. This diagram shows that these wares can form and preserve diopside (Ca-Mg silicate) given suitable bulk CaO contents and kiln-firing temperatures. Phosphatic sherds from Bovey Tracey are compositionally distinct (lower SiO2 and higher Al2O3 and bone-ash components) from a single bone-ash sample from Vauxhall, indicating that Crisp experimented with novel bone-ash pastes, and was not positively influenced by the Vauxhall phosphatic recipe, if indeed one existed. True porcelains from Bovey Tracey have more extreme SiO2/Al2O3 ratios (= 2.0 [two sherds]; 4.5 [one sherd]) than their Plymouth/Bristol counterparts (SiO2/Al2O3 = 2.3–3.0). Collectively, the analytical data underscore the experimental—and ultimately unsuccessful—character of the diverse wares produced by Nicholas Crisp. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".