Human Red Blood Cells as A Natural Flavonoid Reservoir
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Quercetin is rapidly and avidly taken up by human red blood cells (RBC) via a passive diffusion mechanism, driven by flavonoid binding to haemoglobin and resulting in an almost quantitative accumulation of the flavonoid. Heamoglobin-free resealed ghosts accumulated quercetin exclusively in the membrane fraction. Cell-associated quercetin was biological active and could be quantitatively utilised to support the reduction of extracellular oxidants mediated by a transplasma-membrane oxido-reductase. Additional experimental evidence revealed that quercetin uptake declined in the presence of albumin and that, under these conditions, the amount of cell-associated quercetin is enhanced by increasing the RBC number. Quercetin release from flavonoid-preloaded RBC was observed only in the presence of albumin (or in human plasma) and this response was progressively inhibited upon incubation in solutions containing albumin previously exposed to increasing concentrations of quercetin and cleared of the unbound fraction of the flavonoid. Furthermore, exposure to quercetin pre-saturated albumin promoted accumulation of the flavonoid in fresh RBC and this response was a direct function of the extent of albumin saturation. These results, indicating a flow of quercetin from albumin to haemoglobin, and vice versa, are therefore consistent with the possibility that human RBC play a pivotal role in the distribution and bioavailability of circulating flavonoids.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".