Leukocyte Kinetics During and Following Cycling with and without Carbohydrate Intake in 12 yr-old Boys
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1058 Few data exist describing the immune response to acute exercise in children. We previously reported that, compared with adult men, young boys responded to exercise with a smaller increase in immune cells and did not exhibit a post-exercise suppression of lymphocytes (Timmons and Bar-Or, 2002 MSSE 34(5): S92). Here, we describe the kinetics of leukocyte recruitment during and following exercise with and without carbohydrate (CHO) intake in young boys. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of high-intensity cycling and CHO intake on leukocyte kinetics in young boys. METHODS: Eleven boys (mean ± SD; 12.6 ± 0.3 yrs, 48.3 ± 9.3 kg) cycled on 2 occasions at 70% of their predetermined VO2max while intermittently drinking a 6% CHO drink or flavored water (FW), matched for flavor and electrolyte content (total volume: 40 mL/kg body weight). Venous blood samples were taken at rest, after 30 and 60 min of exercise and after 30 and 60 min of recovery to determine time-related changes in leukocyte concentrations. RESULTS: CHO had no significant effect on total leukocytes, lymphocytes or monocytes during or following exercise. However, at 60 min of recovery, neutrophils were higher with FW (3.2 ± 1.3 × 109) than CHO (2.8 ± 0.9 × 109). Exercise resulted in significant increases in the above mentioned cells at 30 min, but with no further increase by 60 min of exercise. By 30 min of recovery, all cells, except neutrophils had returned to resting levels and no lymphocyte suppression was detected. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that leukocyte recruitment after 30 min of high-intensity cycling is as pronounced as after 60 min. The recovery of the immune system is very rapid in young boys, confirming our previous findings. CHO had no significant effect on immediate changes in leukocyte counts but it attenuated post-exercise neutrophils levels, which may reflect a slightly lower inflammatory response. Supported by the Gatorade Sports Science Institute and BD Biosciences
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".