Effects of ruminal fermentation, intestinal digestion and fecal contact on the survival of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> on colonized barley grain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Barley grains were colonized in the laboratory with a mixture of three Fusarium graminearum (FG) strains and processed in five different ways. The survivability of FG on the surface of barley kernels in the rumen, lower digestive tract and after contact with feces was investigated. FG-colonized kernels were placed in nylon bags and incubated in the rumen of three steers for 0, 6, 12 and 24 h. Viability of FG was reduced (P < 0.001) after 6 h and FG was non-viable after 12 h in the rumen. To investigate viability in the lower digestive tract, FG-colonized kernels were placed in nylon bags, passed through the duodenum of three cows and recovered in the feces. No viable FG was found in any of the kernels that passed through the lower digestive tract. FG-colonized kernels were also embedded in cattle feces for 0, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 21 d. FG viability was reduced (P < 0.001) after 2 d and was not detected after 4 d of contact with feces. The likelihood of FG remaining viable after passage through the intestinal tract and excretion in the feces of cattle is exceedingly low. Key words: Fusarium graminearum, barley, cattle, digestive tract, survivability
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".