Bibliographic record
Abstract
S a complement to the studies on the biological and especially the A genetical effects of radiations carried out by a Swedish research group (GUSTAFSSON, EHRENRERG, MAC KEY et al.) the present author started a few years ago mutation experiments in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas.A considerable part of this first period has been spent on the elaboration of suitable experimental methods and on preparative studies in order to test the utility of the material for the various lines of investigation.This paper will, therefore, be a preliminary review of the works rather than a presentation of definite results.Material.-The material has consisted of three sexual and heterothallic, but morphologically isogamous, species, vir.Chlam ydomonas eugametos, the classical species of MOEWUS, Chl.Reinhardi, obtained from G. M. SMITH, Stanford, U. S. A., and Chl.nloewusi, the stocks of PROVASOLI.Chl.eugametos and nioewusi seem to belong to the same species.They copulate readily with each other and show no conspicuous morphological or physiological differences.These algae have a very simple cycle of reproduction, well known from the works of MOEWUS and from the botanical text-books.The haploid, vegetative cells with, a length of 8-12 ,u reproduce themselves vegetatively through the formation of unicellular zoosporangia with a rate that increases the number of cells about 3 4 times per day.These vegetative cells are also potentially equal to gametes, and if cells from both sexes are brought together under certain conditions they copulate, fuse two-by-two, and form the diploid zygotes.These zygotes, which represent the sole diploid and immotile stage, may be brought to germination with the formation of four cells, two of each sex. Action of x-rays and ultra-violet light.-These organisms constitute a very suitable material for studying the biological and genetical effects of various radiations.Among other things, the lethalizing effects of x-rays and ultra-violet light have been compared.A few earlier observations show that when bacteria are killed by x-rays they do not die immediately but only after a few cell divisions.This has led to
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".