AMPK ACTIVATION BY ADIPONECTIN IN RENAL TUBULES OF CONTROL AND DIABETIC RATS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adiponectin and AMPK regulate glucose metabolism and apoptosis. We have examined their role in renal tubules that accumulate glycogen and undergo apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy. Rat kidneys were processed for light microscopy and biochemical determinations. Renal tubules were isolated and incubated in vitro. Western blots were carried out with semi‐quantitative evaluations. Adiponectin receptors ADIPOR1 is present on the luminal side of epithelial cells of distal tubules and thin ascending limb (TAL) in normal and hyperglycaemic rats. ADIPOR2 was not detected. The same cells were positive for catalytic sub‐units α1 and α2, the regulatory sub‐unit β2 and the phosphorylated active form of AMPK. Interestingly, glycogen‐filled tubular cells in tissues of diabetic rats displayed a much lighter staining for active AMPK while ADIPOR1 fluorescence was markedly increased. In vitro incubation of tubules showed that levels of activated AMPK were strongly decreased in hyperglycaemic conditions while total AMPK and ADIPOR1 levels were increased. AICAR and adiponectin potently activated AMPK in tubules from control rats but weakly in those of hyperglycaemic rats. In summary, ADIPOR1 and AMPK are expressed by distal tubules and TAL. Basal and stimulated AMPK activities are decreased in hyperglycaemic conditions. These results suggest that adiponectin resistance develops in renal tubules, which may lead to the accumulation of large glycogen deposits and apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy. (Supported by CIHR).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".