Analysis and Modeling of the Phase Detector Hysteresis in Bang-Bang PLLs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
All-digital bang-bang phase-locked-loops suffer from unwanted output spurs due to their non-linear behavior. The digital implementation of these PLLs often introduces extra delay which affects the performance of BBPLLs. This comes from the retiming and resampling of the digital data in the loop. In this work the phase detector hysteresis is investigated as a source for additional performance degradation. The jitter dependency on the loop parameters in the presence of hysteresis is analyzed, providing a new insight to be considered when designing for minimum jitter. This analysis provides a quick estimation of the deterministic jitter and the location of the spurious tones thus allowing the timing resolution of the PD to be determined. A new model for the BBPLL is also introduced that considers the non-ideality of the PD and its effect on the loop. To evaluate the performance, a time-amplifier is used to improve the resolution of the PD. Jitter and spurious tone of the BBPLL with TA assisted PD are then compared with those of a loop with a regular PD. The results show that the TAPD improves the performance by a factor of 3. The design and simulations have been done in a 32-nm CMOS technology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".