What Did Quebec Not Want? Opposition to the Adoption of the Youth Criminal Justice Act in Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The review of the Young Offenders Act highlighted major differences between Quebec, where it was opposed, and other parts of Canada, where the act was discredited. This article is an attempt to understand contextual elements that may explain this split and to describe briefly the orientation of the positions taken by Quebec actors. Contextual elements include a deep-rooted rehabilitation approach in services for young offenders; changes that predated the YOA and paved the way for its acceptance in Quebec; a lesser degree of Americanization of perceptions; and a perception that the review responded to political rather than policy needs. New legislation was viewed as unnecessary since desired changes could be made under the YOA. The law that was to replace the YOA was an attempt to impose a criminal justice model that was viewed as a step backwards that would threaten the educative and rehabilitation approach that had inspired the youth justice system built over the years in Quebec.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".