James B. Bell . A War of Religion: Dissenters, Anglicans, and the American Revolution.<i>(Studies in Modern History.)</i>New York : Palgrave Macmillan . 2008 . Pp. xxii, 323. $74.95.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the tradition of J. C. D. Clark's The Language of Liberty, 1660–1832: Political Discourse and Social Dynamics in the Anglo-American World (1994), which proclaimed the American Revolution a war of religion, James B. Bell examines the situation of the colonial English Church from 1686 to 1783. He builds on his earlier book The Imperial Origins of the King's Church in Early America, 1607–1783 (2004), which only briefly examined two major themes of this newer work: the controversy over the possibility of a colonial bishop, and the political orientation of the church's ministers. The book's main contribution lies in his examination of Dissenter-Anglican conflict in New England, particularly Massachusetts, throughout the century before 1776. Bell's second declared contribution (p. xi) consists of his claim that radical politicians John Adams, Samuel Adams, and John Wilkes, through their authorship of several newspaper articles in Boston and London, transformed an ecclesiastical argument into a political and civil one. In part two, Bell considers the political sentiments of the clergymen in a series of chapters prominently featuring biographical sketches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".