Technical note: Evaluation of a continuous ruminal pH measurement system for use in noncannulated small ruminants1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the precision and accuracy of an indwelling ruminal pH measurement system that could be used in small ruminants (small ruminant ruminal pH measurement system; SRS) without requiring ruminal cannulation. The outer diameter, length, and weight of the SRS were 20.6 mm, 138 mm, and 245 g, respectively. This device was capable of logging pH, temperature, and battery voltage. In Exp. 1, a ruminally cannulated sheep (94 kg) was infused with a 40% (wt/vol) glucose solution to supply 5 g of glucose/kg of BW into the rumen. Ruminal pH was recorded every 30 s simultaneously using a portable pH meter and the SRS. In Exp. 2, 30 noncannulated sheep (72 +/- 10 kg of BW) were orally administered with a 40% glucose solution as described above (5 g of glucose/kg of BW; n = 22) or an equivalent volume of water (12.5 mL/kg of BW; n = 8). Sheep were slaughtered 3 h after the oral drench, and immediately after slaughter ruminal pH readings were measured manually using a portable pH meter and were compared with measurements recorded by the SRS. In Exp. 1, the relationship between manual pH measurement using a portable pH meter and the SRS (226 data pairs) had a Pearson correlation coefficient and concordance correlation coefficient of 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. Furthermore, the scale shift and location shift observed in Exp. 1 were 1.28 and 0.00, respectively. The relationship between measurements conducted manually using a portable pH meter and the SRS in Exp. 2 had Pearson and concordance correlation coefficients of 0.96 and 0.95, respectively. The respective scale and location shifts for Exp. 2 were 1.16 and 0.04. These results indicate that the measurements obtained from SRS were in agreement with simultaneous measurements manually conducted using a portable pH meter, suggesting that the SRS can be used to measure ruminal pH in noncannulated small ruminants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".