A Novel Type of Milk Calcium Has Higher Calcium Bioavailability Compared with the Hydroxyapatite Type of Milk Calcium.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We prepared a novel type of milk calcium from milk whey, and evaluated its calcium bioavailability as compared with conventional industrial milk calcium obtained from milk whey, which has been reported to be an excellent calcium source. An X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the chemical form of conventional industrial milk calcium from milk whey through the neutralization and precipitation method (NP-MCa) is hydroxyapatite type, and that of a novel type of milk calcium obtained using the ultrafiltration method (UF-MCa) is different from hydroxyapatite. Growing rats were fed either NP-MCa or UF-MCa as the source of calcium for 33 d. The calcium absorption rate in the UF-MCa diet group was significantly higher than that in the NP-MCa diet group. The calcium content of the femur in the UF-MCa diet group was significantly higher than that in the NP-MCa diet group. The breaking force of the excised femur in the UF-MCa diet group was also significantly higher than that in the NP-MCa diet group. The serum calcium level, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcitonin level were not significantly different between the experimental groups, but the PTH level of the serum in the UF-MCa diet group was significantly lower than that in the NP-MCa diet group. These results indicate that the calcium bioavailability of the novel type of milk calcium (UF-MCa) is higher than that of the hydroxyapatite type of milk calcium (NP-MCa).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".