Dynamic polarization‐dependent loss (DPDL) of planar‐waveguide‐based variable optical attenuators (VOAs)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We analyze the dynamic polarization‐dependent loss (DPDL) of planar‐waveguide‐based variable optical attenuators (VOAs). Our studies show that thermal stress is introduced in waveguides when heat is applied to achieve optical attenuation of Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) coupler‐based VOAs made of silica, thus resulting in an unacceptable DPDL for such devices. The stress and its associated DPDL can be reduced significantly if two trenches are created along the waveguides. The DPDL can be further reduced to a negligible level by adopting a new VOA design based on straight waveguides and a silica–polymer hybrid structure. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 498–501, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20514
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".