The Effect of Oral Glucose Loads on Tissue Metabolism During Angiotensin II Receptor and Beta-receptor Blockade in Obese Hypertensive Subjects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AT1 receptor blockers and ACE inhibitors decrease the risk for new onset diabetes mellitus. The phenomenon could be related to a direct angiotensin II effect on tissue metabolism. To address the issue, we recruited eighteen obese hypertensive patients. Patients were randomized to double-blind treatment with either valsartan (n = 8) or atenolol (n = 10) for thirteen weeks. They underwent an oral glucose tolerance test before and during active treatment, while metabolism was monitored through subcutaneous and intramuscular microdialysis and indirect calorimetry. After glucose ingestion, venous glucose and insulin concentrations increased rapidly while systemic free fatty acid concentrations were suppressed. Dialysate glucose and lactate concentrations increased briskly in adipose tissue and in skeletal muscle. Dialysate glycerol decreased profoundly in both tissues. Respiratory quotient increased markedly after glucose ingestion. These responses were identical at baseline and during active treatment either drug. We conclude that AT1 receptor blockade in obese hypertensive patients has no effect on interstitial glucose supply, lipolysis, and substrate oxidation. One possible explanation is that angiotensin II levels in obese hypertensives are not sufficient to elicit the metabolic changes that have been observed after direct angiotensin II application. The exact mechanism by which inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system decreases the diabetes risk remains unresolved and requires further study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".