Cystidial structure in two genera of the Russulales
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As a part of a broader study to determine whether the subcellular structure of cystidia can provide synapomorphies for clades of Agaricomycetes, cystidia of Auriscalpium vulgare Gray and Russula emetica (Schaeff.) Pers. were examined ultrastructurally, after freeze substitution. Vesicles with tubular invaginations occurred in immature hymenial cystidia of both species, and microbodies were also present. Gloeohyphae of A. vulgare also contained these organelles. The tubular invaginations disappeared from the vesicles in maturing cystidia of A. vulgare and were replaced by electron-dense deposits. These patterns of cellular organization may be synapomorphic for the Russulales. The data will be incorporated into the “Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life” (AFTOL) Structural and Biochemical Database to facilitate the use of morphological characters in phylogenetic analyses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".