Pharmacogenomic diversity in Singaporean populations and Europeans
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Differences in the frequency of pharmacogenomic variants may influence inter-population variability in drug efficacy and risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We investigated the diversity of ∼ 4500 genetic variants in key drug-biotransformation and -response genes among three South East Asian populations compared with individuals of European ancestry. We compared rates of reported ADRs in these Asian populations to determine if the allelic differentiation corresponded to an excess of the associated ADR. We identified an excess of ADRs related to clopidogrel in Singaporean Chinese, consistent with a higher frequency of a known risk variant in CYP2C19 in that population. We also observed an excess of ADRs related to platinum compounds in Singaporean CHS, despite a very low frequency of known ADR risk variants, suggesting the presence of additional genetic and non-genetic risk factors. Our results point to substantial diversity at specific pharmacogenomic loci that may contribute to inter-population variability in drug response phenotypes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".