Effect of Supercritical Gas on Crystallization of Linear and Branched Polypropylene Resins with Foaming Additives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The thermal behaviors of linear and branched polypropylene (PP) with foaming additives were investigated using a normal and a high-pressure differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Specifically, the effects of material branching, dispersed additives, cooling rates, and dissolved blowing agents on the crystallization temperature of PP resins were elucidated. Introducing branches between polymer chains increased the crystallization temperature of PP significantly. Foaming additives such as talc and glycerol monostearate (GMS) as well as processing parameters such as cooling rate also played major roles during the crystallization process. The experimental results indicate that the crystallization temperature increases up to 30 °C by introducing branches and/or adding additives to the PP materials. However, the crystallization temperature was lowered as the supercritical fluid (such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide) was dissolved in the branched PP. The effect of hydraulic pressure was identified by performing DSC study by employing helium as an inert gas, which has a very limited solubility in the polymer matrix.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".