The motion of curling rocks: Experimental investigation and semi-phenomenological description
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A large number of curling shots using a wide range of rotational and translational velocities on two different ice surfaces have been recorded and analyzed. The observed curling-rock trajectories are described in terms of a semi-phenomenological model. The data are found to rule out "dry-friction" models for the observed motion, and to support the idea that the curling rock rides upon a thin liquid film created at the ice surface (i.e., "wet friction"). Evidence is found to support the hypothesis that the frictional force acting upon each segment of the curling rock is directed opposite to the motion relative to this thin liquid film and not relative to the underlying fixed ice surface. PACS No.: 01.80.+b
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it