Consistent approaches to van der Waals radii for the metallic elements
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Due to the paucity of data on non-bonding interactions for metal atoms, no complete tabulation is available for crystallographic van der Waals radii for metallic elements. In this work several sets of van der Waals radii for metal atoms are derived indirectly. Unique data resources used for the derivation are (i) average volumes of elements in crystals, (ii) single covalent radii, (iii) Allinger´s van der Waals radii, as well as (iv) bond valence parameters for metal-oxygen bonds. The van der Waals radii for metal atoms deduced from these various approaches are basically comparable with each other, but are strikingly different from those from Bondi’s system of van der Waals radii. A complete set of new values for metallic elements up to Am, derived from bond valence parameters, are recommended.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it