Parthenogenesis as a life strategy among mites of the suborder Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the results of observations concerning the phenomenon of parthenogenesis among European mites of the suborder Uropodina. An analysis of the sex ratios of 66 Polish species revealed that 18 of them (more than one fourth of the examined species) consisted only of females. The authors observed no significant relationship between geographical distribution and the lack of males in the population. Populations consisting entirely of females were observed among widely distributed species as well as among species characterized by narrow geographical ranges. Nonetheless, an increase in the number of parthenogenetic species, especially as a percentage of Middle European and Scandinavian fauna, was also discernible. Species that reproduced without males were associated with forest litter and soil, whereas bisexual species "eagerly" inhabited various relatively unstable and temporary micro environ ments (for instance, dead wood, birds' or small mammals' nests). The authors aim to define the biological role of occasionally appearing males for the species consisting almost entirely of females and discuss ecological and evolutionary aspects of parthenogenesis in mites of the suborder Uropodina.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".