An effective PCR-based diagnostic method for the detection of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) in wood samples from lodgepole pine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A molecular diagnostic method has been designed for the detection and identification of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Heat shock protein 70 gene sequences from B. xylophilus and the closely related B. mucronatus were compared and used to design primers Bx701F and Bx701R which amplify a 171 base pair fragment from B. xylophilus by PCR. As a control, primers Bm701F and Bm701R were designed which specifically amplify a 168 base pair fragment from B. mucronatus. After optimisation, B. xylophilus primers were shown to be highly sensitive and could easily detect 23 target copies, or less than one nematode. Species-specific detection of B. xylophilus was carried out directly from concentrated Baermann funnel extracts using wood samples from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) trees from British Columbia, Canada, containing an unknown nematode population, thus bypassing the need for culturing or recovering the nematode before analysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".