Exciplex Formation and Energy Transfer in Mixed Films of Phthalocyanine and Perylene Tetracarboxylic Diimide Derivatives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The absorption and emission properties of co-evaporated and bilayer phthalocyanine−perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCD) thin films have been examined in search for new emitters. The identification of exciplex emission in co-evaporated thin solid films of N, N '-bis(neopentyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenebis(dicarboximide) (BNPTCD) and titanyl(IV) phthalocyanine (TiOPc) is reported for the first time. The efficiency of the exciplex emission is correlated with a high degree of mixing in the co-evaporated mixed film. The homogeneity of the emission from the surface of the mixed film is visualized using the global imaging technique. The chemical detection of the mixing in the film is visualized using Raman global imaging. The fact that exciplex formation is not a common occurrence when mixing these materials is illustrated with the emission properties of co-evaporated mixed chloroindiumphthalocyanine (ClInPc)−BNPTCD films. In ClInPc−BNPTCD mixed films there is no exciplex emission and in turn energy transfer is the main pathway for internal relaxation. For comparison, bilayer films of BNPTCD/Pc were fabricated and studied as model systems of two separated phases with a single interface. The effect of thermal annealing on film structure, molecular organization, and phase separation in the mixed films was investigated using transmission and reflection−absorption (RAIRS) infrared spectroscopy. The infrared data and AFM topographical images provide information that allows one to correlate film structure with the observed emission properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".