Characterization of large-scale interface deformation arising from electrostatic modification of the contact angle of pinned contact lines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present an experimental study of the deformation of oil-water interfaces under the influence of applied electric fields. In a new experimental approach, a pattern of regions with hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface properties is formed on a substrate and oil drops in an ambient environment of water are confined to specific regions of the substrate by this pattern. As with electrowetting, the shape of the oil-water interface can be changed by applying an electric field that changes the surface energy relationship at the interface. However, in this new method the contact line does not move. Surprisingly, although this behavior is a result of microscopic-scale electrostatic forces, only small surface shape changes result. Nevertheless, the changing interfacial shape can cause macroscopic fluid flow. In this paper, we use video microscopy and image analysis to investigate the dynamic evolution of the interface under various conditions, in order to explain this counterintuitive result.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".