Smaller Dose of 0.5 mg/kg IV Ketorolac Is Sufficient to Provide Pain Relief in Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To the Editor: Pappas et al. (1) showed convincingly that a single dose of ketorolac 1 mg/kg given intramuscularly provides better pain relief after myringotomy than conventional treatments such as acetaminophen, acetaminophen with codeine, or the novel approach of intranasal butorphanol. Although they avoided the IV route of drug administration, I propose an alternative that is simple, effective and time efficient. By asking an assistant to squeeze the forearm gently and act as a tourniquet, one can easily cannulate a vein in most children using a fine 25-g or even 27-g butterfly cannula and give a single bolus of ketorolac 0.5 mg/kg. This is in keeping with the recent findings of Dsida et al. (2), who reported on the pharmacokinetics of IV ketorolac in children and found this smaller dose of 0.5 mg/kg sufficient to provide prompt and long-lasting pain relief. Thomas Hackmann, MD
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.012 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".