Regulation of <i>Sox9</i> by Sonic Hedgehog (<i>Shh</i>) is essential for patterning and formation of tracheal cartilage
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report that Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) regulates both formation and patterning of tracheal cartilage by controlling the expression pattern and level of the chondrogenic gene, Sox9. In Shh(-/-) tracheo-esophageal tubes, Sox9 expression is transient and not restricted ventrally to the site of chondrogenesis, and is absent at the time of chondrogenesis, resulting in the failure of tracheal cartilage formation. Inhibition of Hedgehog signalling with cyclopamine in tracheal cultures prevents tracheal cartilage formation, while treatment of Shh(-/-) tracheal explant with exogenous Shh peptide rescues cartilage formation. Both exogenous Bmp4 and Noggin rescue cartilage phenotype in Shh(-/-) tracheal culture, while promoting excessive cartilage development in wild-type trachea through induction of Sox9 expression. The ventral and segmented expression of Sox9 in tracheal primordia under Shh modulated by Bmp4 and Noggin thus determine where and when tracheal cartilage develops. These results indicate that Shh signalling is a critical determinant in tracheal cartilage development.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it