INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION-INDUCED ACUTE LUNG INJURY AND ONCOTIC CELL DEATH IN MULTIPLE ORGANS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Most acute respiratory distress syndrome studies have been focused on the lung injury. Little is known about other organs during the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Herein, we investigated the injury and cell death in multiple organs after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) in C57BL/6 mice. Terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining was used as a marker of cell death. Caspase 3 and cathepsin B activation as markers of caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis, respectively, and electron microscopy for ultimate characterization of cell death were used. In comparison with control and sham-operated mice, the IIR group showed interstitial inflammatory infiltrates in the lung and significant increases of lung injury parameters and plasma lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells and immunostaining for hemeoxygenase 1, an enzyme induced by inflammatory stimuli, were increased in the lung, heart, and kidney, but not in the liver. The number of hemeoxygenase 1-positive cells positively and significantly correlated to the number of terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells. Cell death was not associated with caspase 3 or cathepsin B activation. Electron microscopy showed morphological features compatible with oncotic rather than apoptotic cell death or necrosis, including mitochondrial swelling and cytoplasm disorganization in pulmonary and renal epithelial cells, lung and cardiac endothelial cells, and myocytes. These results indicate that, although lung injury is the most significant manifestation after IIR, oncotic cell death occurs in the lung, heart, and kidney, which may be related to ischemia and inflammation. Abbreviations-ALI-acute lung injury; ALT-alanine aminotransferase; ARDS-acute respiratory distress syndrome; AST-aspartate aminotransferase; BAL-bronchoalveolar lavage; BP-arterial blood pressure; BSA-bovine serum albumin; EBD-Evans blue dye; EM-electron microscopy; HO-1-hemeoxygenase 1; IIR-intestinal I/R; LDH-lactate dehydrogenase; MODS-multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; TUNEL-terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling;
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".