Bioremediation of Weathered Oil from the 1991 Gulf War
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In the 1991 Gulf War over 40 billion litres of oil were released. This oil spill was by far the largest in history. There are over 64 km2 of shoreline that are still contaminated. The anticipated recovery is taking about ten times longer than other studied oil spills. We were contracted to evaluate the potential for in situ bioremediation of the oil in the intertidal sediments. Only with nutrient enrichment were bacteria seen with an electron microscope to be commonly attached to oil. A pilot-scale injection of a solution containing nitrate and nutrients into intertidal sediments bioremediated highly weathered oil. After one month there was a notable production of alkanes resulting from either breakdown of larger more complex petroleum compounds or "liberation" of sequestered oil from a mineral precipitate matrix. Two months following the treatment, effectively all of the C8 to C40 compounds were reduced to very low levels equating to treatment effectiveness for aliphatics of about 90%. There was little washout of the nutrients. Impacts to benthos were limited and they fully recovered within three months.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".