Family Diversity and Children's Behavioral Outcomes in Canada: From Structure to Process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Using data from the 1994/1995 and 1996/1997 Canadian National Longitudinal Survey for Children and Youth, we explore the roles of economic resources and family processes as explanations for family structure differences on children's internalizing (emotional disorder) and externalizing (physical aggression and property offenses) behaviors. Our results show that household income was significant for children's internalizing behavior but was not substantial enough to account fully for the deleterious outcomes among children living in diverse households. Parenting practices and parental depression were more important than economic resources in reducing the effect of stable single-parent families on emotional disorder. Parenting practices were especially crucial in accounting for the family structure effects on property offenses, and family structure effects remain as important factors in explaining children's physical aggression. Our study underscores the distinction made between stable family structures versus recent family change as important determinants of children's well-being.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".