Stability of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in freshwater and seawater at various temperatures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three North American and 1 European viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) isolates taken from either a marine, freshwater, or estuarine host were assessed for survivability in raw and filtered freshwater and seawater at temperatures ranging from 4 to 30 degrees C. All 4 isolates were substantially more stable in freshwater than in seawater, and higher survival was observed at lower water temperatures. The average time required for 99.9% inactivation of VHSV in raw freshwater at 15 degrees C was 13 d, while in raw seawater VHSV was inactivated within an average of 4 d. No consistent correlation was observed between the origin and the stability of the virus isolates. Freshwater isolates were not always the most stable in freshwater; similarly, seawater isolates were not consistently more stable in seawater. Virus survival was greatly enhanced in filtered freshwater with some virus strains remaining infective after 1 yr at 4 degrees C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".