Modification of Titanium Dioxide Embedded in the Bio-Composite Film for Photocatalytic Oxidation of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compound
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research aimed to apply the Blown Film Extrusion technique to synthesize the titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) bio-composite films incorporated on a thin film as a photocatalyst. The biopolymer materials have great recognition via their renewable and biodegradable characteristic and the green composite has been a new challenge path to replace traditional polymer composite. In this work, TiO 2 /Polybutylene succinate (PBS) bio-composite film was developed to be used as a supporter for determining the photocatalytic oxidation activity of the TiO 2 on the chlorinated volatile organic compounds degradation. PBS is a synthetic biopolymer which has a reasonable mechanical strength. The modified-TiO 2 /PBS bio-composite films were studied to evaluate the degradation of dichloromethane. In order to improve the distribution of the developed photocatalyst, the TiO 2 powders were modified by 0.05% mole of ethyl triethoxysilane (ETES) and stearic acid (SA), respectively. The 10% wt. TiO 2 /PBS bio-composite films with thickness of 30 μm were prepared by blown film technique. To evaluate the dispersion efficacy, the modified-TiO 2 /PBS bio-composite films were characterized by Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM). Photocatalytic degradation of dichloromethane in gas phase was determined using an annular closed system photoreactor. The obtained result which was corresponding to the absorption of TiO 2 /PBS bio composites film was investigated in a range of 300-400 nm via UV/VIS spectrophotometry. The energy band gap of TiO 2 , ethyl triethoxysilane-TiO 2 and stearic acid-TiO 2 bio-composite film was found to be 3.18, 3.21, and 3.26 eV, respectively. The SEM shows that the modified-TiO 2 with both ETES and SA exhibit uniform dispersion, while the only TiO 2 shows an evidence of agglomeration in the PBS matrix. For photocatalyst efficiency, the photocatalytic activity of modified-TiO 2 /PBS bio-composite film increased comparing to the TiO 2 /PBS bio-composite film. Moreover, the photocatalytic degradation of dichloromethane by ETES-TiO 2 /PBS bio-composite film yielded degradation efficiency of 47.0%, whereas SA-TiO 2 /PBS bio-composite film yielded the removal efficiency of 41.0% for detention time at 350 min.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".