An Area-Efficient CMOS Current-Mode Phase-Locked Loop
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper introduces a new architecture of phase-locked loops called current-mode phase-locked loops. The proposed phase-locked loop removes the need for a charge pump and a RC loop filter as conventional voltage-mode phase- locked loops, eliminating the design difficulties including current mismatches of charge pumps and large silicon area requirement of the RC loop filter. Instead, the proposed current-mode phase- locked loop utilizes a current-mode RL loop filter with CMOS active inductors to provide the desired control current to the downstream current-controlled oscillator. A modified bang-bang phase/frequency detector that converts the phase difference between the incoming digital waveform and the local clock into a binary signal is proposed. A current-reuse current-controlled oscillator is also developed. Simulation results demonstrates that the proposed current-mode phase-locked loop provides an significantly reduced lock time as compared with the corresponding voltage-mode phase-locked loop with approximately 90% silicon area reduction.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it