Visual and Auditory deterministic signals can facilitate tactile sensations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report novel tactile-visual and tactile-auditory interactions in humans, demonstrating that a facilitating sound or visual deterministic signal, that is synchronous with an excitatory tactile deterministic signal presented at the lower leg, increases the peripheral representation of this excitatory signal (deterministic resonance). In a series of experiments we applied a local electrical stimulation and measured the electrical (electromyography or EMG) response of the right calf muscle while the local electrical stimulation was maintained at subthreshold levels (not detected). By introducing the visual or auditory representation of the local electrical signal (facilitation signal) to the central system the signal sensation was recovered and the electrical EMG signal increased. We go further by demonstrating that the neural dynamics of this phenomenon can resemble that of stochastic resonance by showing similar peripheral effects when introducing auditory noise instead of the same deterministic signal. In the last experiment, we show that the paired deterministic stimulations exhibit response functions similar to stochastic resonance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".