Analysis of the Growth Mechanism of Coprecipitated Spherical and Dense Nickel, Manganese, and Cobalt-Containing Hydroxides in the Presence of Aqueous Ammonia
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spherical and dense metal hydroxides were synthesized with a coprecipitation reaction in the presence of aqueous ammonia. The growth of the particles was studied by tracking the tap density and morphology with reaction time. The dependence of pH on the tap density and morphology of the particles synthesized in the coprecipitation reaction was determined for Ni(OH) 2, Ni 1/2 Mn 1/2 (OH) 2, and Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 (OH) 2 The pH range at which particle growth occurred varied for the different metal hydroxides. Solving the chemical equilibria present in the coprecipitation reaction revealed that the pH range at which spherical particle growth occurred was due to the presence of metal coordinated with ammonia. On the basis of the experiments and analysis presented here, the metal hydroxide particle growth occurs by a dissolution−recrystallization type mechanism during synthesis.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it