Novel skeletogenic patterning roles for the olfactory pit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The position of the olfactory placodes suggests that these epithelial thickenings might provide morphogenetic information to the adjacent facial mesenchyme. To test this, we performed in ovo manipulations of the nasal placode in the avian embryo. Extirpation of placodal epithelium or placement of barriers on the lateral side of the placode revealed that the main influence is on the lateral nasal, not the frontonasal, mesenchyme. These early effects were consistent with the subsequent deletion of lateral nasal skeletal derivatives. We then showed in rescue experiments that FGFs are required for nasal capsule morphogenesis. The instructive capacity of the nasal pit epithelium was tested in a series of grafts to the face and trunk. Here, we showed for the first time that nasal pits are capable of inducing bone, cartilage and ectopic PAX7 expression, but these effects were only observed in the facial grafts. Facial mesenchyme also supported the initial projection of the olfactory nerve and differentiation of the olfactory epithelium. Thus, the nasal placode has two roles: as a signaling center for the lateral nasal skeleton and as a source of olfactory neurons and sensory epithelium.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".