MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF TARGET RESISTANCE IN THE ORGANOPHOSPHATE‐ AND PYRETHROID‐RE‐SISTANT <i>HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA</i> (HUBNER)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The molecular mechanisms of target resistance, i. e. acetyicholinesterase (AChE) and sodium channel insensitivity, in the organophosphate(0P)‐ and pyrethroid(Py)‐resistant (R) Helicoverpa armigera were investigated. The activity and Vmax of AChE from R strain were 1.09– and 1.23‐fold of the susceptible(S) strain respectively, but the KM value of AChE in R strain was only 0.67‐fold of S stain. The Ki values of AChE from the R strain were 0.44 for DDVP and 0.50 for malathion respectively, as compared with those of the S strain. These data showed that the AChE from R strain might be qualitatively altered. The knockdown resistance (kdr) of the resistant H. armigera was also identified by PCR technique. The fragments of IIS6, linker of 11–111 and a part of IIS5‐IIs6 in the sodium channel were cloned and sequenced, and then compared to amino acid sequences from the R and S strains. and other insect species. There was no difference to be found at amino acid level in the above fragments cloned. It was suggested that the Rdr was not involved in the resistance of R strain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".