Germafluorenes: New Heterocycles for Plastic Electronics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of new heterofluorene derivatives based on germanium are described. These germafluorene monomers have been polymerized with different aromatic comonomers. The resulting homopolymers and alternating copolymers have been characterized by size exclusion chromatography, thermal analyses (TGA and DSC), UV−vis−NIR absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and cyclic voltammetry. These homopolymers and copolymers are air-stable and present bandgaps ranging from 3.0 to 1.6 eV. Some copolymers were tested in field-effect transistors (FETs) and bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells (PCs). Best results in FETs were obtained with poly[2,7-(9,9-di- n -butylgermafluorene)- alt -3,6-bis(thiophen-5-yl)-2,5-dioctylpyrrolo[3,4-]pyrrole-1,4-dione], which shows a hole mobility up to 0.04 cm 2 (V·s) −1 with an I on / I off ratio of 1.0 × 10 6 . For photovoltaic applications, the best results were obtained with poly[2,7-(9,9-di- n -octylgermafluorene)- alt -5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)] with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.8%.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".