HDL Cholesterol
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the contributions of physical activity volume (vPA) and intensity (iPA) to HDL levels in middle-aged women. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used. Subjects were 273 women, mean age 40.1 years, who were nonsmokers and non-obese (BMI <30). HDL was measured by a certified hospital laboratory using the Dimension clinical chemistry system. vPA and iPA were assessed using MTI (formerly CSA) accelerometers worn over the left hip for 7 consecutive days. Each day was divided into 10-minute segments (epochs) for a total of 144 epochs each day and 1008 epochs over the 7 days. The sum of all activity counts over the 1008 epochs was used to index vPA. Subjects were divided into quartiles based on their vPA and the middle-two quartiles were collapsed producing 3 categories of vPA. iPA was calculated by categorizing the activity counts of every epoch as Low Intensity, if the activity counts for that epoch were <30,000 (sedentary to slow walking), Moderate Intensity, 30,000–50,000 counts (slow to fast walking), or High Intensity, >50,000 counts (fast walking to running and beyond). A total of 9 epochs (90 min of activity) over the week had to be accumulated in the High Intensity category for the woman to be classified into that iPA category. If she did not have 90 min of High Intensity activity, the 9 epoch cut-point was used to check for Moderate Intensity. If there was not 90 min of activity within the High or Moderate Intensity categories, then she was classified into the Low Intensity category. RESULTS Mean (± SD) vPA over the week was 2.7 ± 0.8 million activity counts. A total of 145 (53.1%) women were classified in the Low Intensity category, 70 (25.6%) in the Moderate Intensity category, and 58 (21.2%) in the High Intensity category. With age controlled, HDL levels differed across the three vPA categories F=4.1, p=0.044), but not without (F=3.5, p=0.063). On the other hand, HDL levels differed across the iPA categories with age controlled (F=6.9, p=0.009), and with no adjustment for differences in age (F=6.2, 0.014). Specifically, after controlling for age, mean HDL levels were 56.2, 52.2, and 52.1 across the High, Moderate, and Low Intensity categories, respectively, with the High Intensity subjects showing significantly higher levels of HDL than the other two categories of women. After controlling for age and iPA, the association between vPA and HDL was eliminated (F=1.1, p=0.30). However, after adjusting for age and vPA, the relationship between iPA and HDL remained significant (F=4.0, p=0.047). CONCLUSION When weekly duration of activity is at least 90 minutes, intensity of physical activity seems to contribute more to HDL levels in women than total volume of activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".