Acoustic rediscovery of right whales in a former whaling area, the Cape Farewell Ground, between Greenland and Iceland.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) is one of the world’s most endangered cetaceans, with only 300–350 animals believed alive. Most right whales are thought to range from Florida to Nova Scotia, though the whereabouts of a significant portion of the population remains unknown in both winter and summer. Here we describe an acoustic survey for right whales near the Cape Farewell Ground, a late 18th-century whaling area. Continuously recording autonomous hydrophone instruments were deployed at five sites for one year in 2007–2008, after which data were analyzed by automatic detection with manual checking for “up” calls of right whales. Over 2000 calls were detected in all, with calls found at all sites but mostly from near the Cape Farewell Ground. The data are consistent with a seasonal migration northeastward toward Iceland in July–August followed by return movement later in the fall, with the last detection in December. At one site, calling occurred in the fall on 17 separate occasions, suggesting a significant number of right whales present. A right whale photo-identified in 2003 at the Cape Farewell Ground was not in the North Atlantic right whale catalog, suggesting the possibility of a previously unidentified stock.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".