Study warns of danger of combining spironolactone and ACE inhibitors in heart patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The diuretic spironolactone can cause dangerous hyperkalaemia in patients who are also taking angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, another drug that, like spironolactone, is used to treat congestive heart failure. After the publication of a major heart study that promoted the use of spironolactone, prescribing rose, but so did cases of hyperkalaemia, according to Dr David Juurlink, a clinical pharmacologist at the University of Toronto and author of a new study that found a threefold increase in the rates of admission to hospital for high potassium levels across Ontario and a twofold increase in deaths involving high potassium levels ( New England Journal of Medicine 2004;351:543-51). The randomised aldactone evaluation study (RALES), which was reported in 1999, found …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".