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Record W2080958738 · doi:10.1080/02255189.2002.9669969

Globalization and Health: Venezuela and Cuba

2002· article· fr· W2080958738 on OpenAlex
George W. Schuyler

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d études du développement · 2002
Typearticle
Languagefr
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicCuban History and Society
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGlobalizationPolitical scienceAutonomyHumanitiesEconomyEconomicsArt

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACT This article explores the impact of globalization and neo-liberal reforms on the health of Venezuelans and Cubans during the 1980s and 1990s. It seeks to illustrate, through the lens of health care, how global economic forces affect national development and people's lives. Venezuela and Cuba struggled with severe economic crises and their health systems suffered. Cuba, however, was able to preserve a greater degree of control over its adjustment to the global economy and thus maintained a relatively good health system. Venezuela, on the other hand, embraced neo-liberal policies prescribed by the IMF and other international financial institutions, lost autonomy, and failed to protect its health care system adequately. RÉSUMÉ Ce texte porte sur les répercussions de la mondialisation et des réformes néolibérales sur la santé des Venezueliens et des Cubains pendant les années 1980 et 1990. Par l'entremise des soins de santé, l'article cherche à démontrer comment les forces économiques globales touchent le progrès national d'un pays et la vie de ses citoyens. Le Venezuela et Cuba ont éprouvé des crises économiques sévères et les systèmes de santé des deux pays ont dû faire face à des difficultés considérables. Toutefois, Cuba s'est mieux adapté à l'économie globale que le Venezuela, et le système de santé cubain est plus ou moins bon. Pour sa part, le Venezuela a adopté des politiques néo-libérales telles qu'avancées par FMI et autres institutions financières internationales. Par conséquent, le Vénézuéla a perdu son autonomie et le pays n'a pas réussi à protéger son système de santé.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.846
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0020.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.122
GPT teacher head0.281
Teacher spread0.158 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it